to hundrede

sg - húndredet, pl - húndrede, húndreder

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(et -(r) & num) a hundred;

[ et hundrede] one hundred;

[ to hundrede] two hundred;

[ flere hundrede mennesker] several hundred(s of) people;

[ nogle hundrede mennesker] some hundreds of people;

[ mange hundrede mennesker] many hundred(s of) people;

[ hundreder af mennesker] hundreds of people;

[ en af hundrede] one in a hundred;

[ den hundrede] the hundredth;

[ hundrede og sytten]

(dvs en mængde) a hundred and one ( fx things).

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hundred

two hundred

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adj more ( fx we need more chairs);

( adskillige) a number of, several ( fx he tried several times);

( forskellige) various ( fx for various reasons);

[ flere end] more than;

[ en eller flere] one or more;

[ flere hundrede] several hundred;

[ hvem flere?] who else?

[ jeg har ikke flere cigaretter] I haven't got any more cigarettes; I'm out of cigarettes;

[ jo flere jo bedre] the more the better;

[ der var flere der så det] several people saw it;

[ med flere] and others.

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adj half;

(se også halvt);

[ det halve] half ( fx half of it was wrong); one half;

[ børn det halve] children half-price;

[ hvad er det halve af 6?] what is (the) half of six?

[ så beskeden at det halve kunne være nok] modest to a fault;

[ti (, fem) minutter i halv] twenty (, twenty-five) (minutes) past;

[ slå halv]

( om ur) strike the half-hour;

[ uret slår hel og halv] the clock strikes the hours and half-hours;

[ti (, fem) minutter over halv] twenty (, twenty -five) (minutes) to;

[ på halv], se (halv) stang;

[ to en halv dag] two days and a half, two and a half days;

[ to halve udgør en hel] two halves make a whole;

[ med sb:]

[ halve forholdsregler] half-measures;

[ en halv fridag] a half-holiday;

[ en halv gang til så meget] half as much again;

[ et halvt hundrede] about fifty;

[ klokken er halv ( tolv)] it is half past (eleven);

[ klokken er lige halv] it is just half past;

[ for halv kraft] at half speed;

[ en halv penny], se penny;

[ til halv pris] at half price, at half the price;

[ slå halv skade] go fifty-fifty;

[ slå halv skade med] go halves with;

[ på halv stang] at half mast,

(se også stang);

[ i halv størrelse] half-size;

[ den halve tid] half the time;

[ en halv time] half an hour, a half-hour;

[ hver halve time] every half-hour;

[ busserne går hver halve time]

( også) the buses run half-hourly;

[ halv tone] semitone,

(am) half step;

[ med en halv vind], se vind;

[ det kan man se med et halvt øje] you can see that with half an eye;

[ et halvt år] six months,

( sjældnere) half a year.

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(en -ner) friend;

[ en ven af mig] a friend of mine;

[ en ven af min fader] a friend of my father's;

[ en ven af Danmark] a friend of Denmark;

[ en gammel ven af huset] an old friend of the family, an old family friend;

[ dele som venner] share and share alike;

[ gode venner] (great) friends;

[ blive gode venner med] make friends with;

[ holde sig gode venner med] keep on good terms with;

[ være gode venner med] be good (el. great) friends with;

[ hvad betyder nogle få hundrede kroner mellem venner?] what is a few hundred kroner between friends?

[ en nær ven] a close friend ( fx he was a close friend of my father).

(pl. hundruð), n. hundred; tírœtt h. = 100; tólfrœtt h. = 120; hundruðum, by (in) hundreds; as value, one hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal; h. frítt, a hundred paid in cattle; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark-striped wadmal; hundrað silfrs, ? the silver value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces).

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n. pl. hundruð; the form hund- (q. v.) only occurs in a few old compd words: [Goth. hunda, pl.; A. S. hund; O. H. G. hunt; the extended form in Hel. and old Frank, hundered; Germ. hundert; Dan. hundrede; Swed. hundra; the inflexive syllable is prob. akin to - ræðr in átt-ræðr]:—a hundred; the Scandinavians of the heathen time (and perhaps also all Teutonic people) seem to have known only a duo-decimal hundred (= 12 × 10 or 120); at that time 100 was expressed by tíu-tíu, cp. Ulf. taihun-taihund = ten-teen; Pal Vídalín says,—hundrað tólfrætt er sannlega frá heiðni til vor komið, en hið tíræða er líkast að Norðrlönd hafi ekki vitað af fyrr en Kristni kom hér og með henni lærdómr þeirrar aldar, Skýr. s. v. Hundrað (fine): but with the introduction of Christianity came in the decimal hundred, the two being distinguished by adjectives,—tólfrætt hundrað = 120, and tírætt hundrað = 100. But still the old popular duodecimal system continued in almost all matters concerned with economical or civil life, in all law phrases, in trade, exchange, property, value, or the like, and the decimal only in ecclesiastical or scholastic matters (chronology, e. g. Íb. ch. 1, 10). At the same time the word in speech and writing was commonly used without any specification of tírætt or tólfrætt, for, as Pal Vídalín remarks, every one acquainted with the language knew which was meant in each case; even at the present time an Icel. farmer counts his flocks and a fisherman his share (hlutr) by the duodecimal system; and everybody knows that a herd or share of one hundred and a half means 120 + 60 = 180. In old writers the popular way of counting is now and then used even in chronology and in computation, e. g. when Ari Frode (Íb. ch. 4) states that the year consists of three hundred and four days (meaning 364); the census of franklins given by the same writer (where the phrase is hundruð heil = whole or full hundreds) is doubtless reckoned by duodecimal, not decimal hundreds, Íb. ch. 10; and in the census of priests and churches taken by bishop Paul (about A. D. 1200) ‘tíræð’ is expressively added, lest duodecimal hundreds should be understood, Bs. i. 136. The Landn. (at end) contains a statement (from Ari?) that Iceland continued pagan for about a hundred years, i. e. from about 874–997 A. D. In the preface to Ólafs S., Snorri states that two duodecimal hundreds (tvau hundruð tólfræð) elapsed from the first colonisation of Iceland before historical writing began (i. e. from about A. D. 874–1115): levies of ships and troops are in the laws and Sagas counted by duodecimal hundreds, e. g. the body-guard of king Olave consisted of a hundred hirð-men, sixty house-carles and sixty guests, in all ‘two hundred’ men, i. e. 240, Mork. 126; the sons of earl Strút-Harald had a hundred men, of whom eighty were billetted out and forty returned, Fms. xi. 88, 89; hálft hundrað, a half hundred = sixty, Mork. l. c.

2. a division of troops = 120; hundraðs-flokkr, Fms. vi. (in a verse).

II. in indef. sense, hundreds, a host, countless number, see hund-, as also in the adverb, phrase, hundruðum, by hundreds (indefinitely), Fms. vi. 407, Þiðr. 275, 524: in mod. usage as adjective and indecl., except the pl. in -uð, thus hundruð ásauðum, Dipl. iv. 10.

B. As value, a hundred, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal, and then simply value to that amount (as a pound sterling in English). All property, real as well as personal, is even at present in Icel. taxed by hundreds; thus an estate is a ‘twenty, sixty, hundred’ estate; a franklin gives his tithable property as amounting to so and so many hundreds. As for the absolute value of a hundred, a few statements are sufficient, thus e. g. a milch cow, or six ewes with lambs, counts for a hundred, and a hundrað and a kúgildi (cow’s value) are equal: the charge for the alimentation of a pauper for twelve months was in the law (Jb. 165) fixed to four hundred and a half for a male person, but three hundred and a half for a female; cp. also the phrase, það er ekki hundrað í hættunni, there is no hundred at stake, no great risk! In olden times a double standard was used,—the wool or wadmal standard, called hundrað talið = a hundred by tale, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells as stated above, and a silver standard, called hundrað vegit, a hundred by weight, or hundrað silfrs, a hundred in silver, amounting to two marks and a half = twenty ounces = sixty örtugar; but how the name hundred came to be applied to it is not certain, unless half an örtug was taken as the unit. It is probable that originally both standards were identical, which is denoted by the phrase, sex álna eyrir, six ells to an ounce, or a hundred and twenty ells equal to twenty ounces (i. e. wadmal and silver at par); but according as the silver coinage was debased, the phrases varied between nine, ten, eleven, twelve ells to an ounce (N. G. L. i. 80, 81, 387, 390, passim), which denote bad silver; whereas the phrase ‘three ells to an ounce’ (þriggja álna eyrir, Sturl. i. 163, passim, or a hundred in wadmal equal to half a hundred in silver) must refer either to a double ell or to silver twice as pure: the passage in Grág. i. 500 is somewhat obscure, as also Rd. 233: the words vegin, silfrs, or talin are often added, but in most cases no specification is given, and the context must shew which of the two standards is there meant; the wool standard is the usual one, but in cases of weregild the silver standard seems always to be understood; thus a single weregild (the fine for a man’s life) was one hundred, Njála passim.

2. the phrases, hundrað frítt, a hundred paid in cattle, Finnb. 236; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark striped wadmal, Nj. 225; hundrað í búsgögnum ok í húsbúningi, Vm. 65; hundraðs-gripr, hestr, hross, kapall, hvíla, sæng, rekkja, psaltari, etc., a beast, a horse, a bed, etc., of a hundred’s value, Am. 2, 10, Vm. 25, 39, 60, 153, Jm. 3, 30; hundraðs-úmagi, a person whose maintenance costs a hundred, Vm. 156; hundraðs virði, a hundred’s value, 68. For references see the Sagas and laws passim, and for more information see Mr. Dasent’s Essay in Burnt Njal.

C. A hundred, a political division which in olden times was common to all Teut. nations, but is most freq. in old Swedish laws, where several hundreds made a hérað or shire; cp. the A. S. and Engl. hundred, Du Cange hundredum; old Germ. hunderti, see Grimm’s Rechts Alterthümer; the centum pagi of Caesar, Bell. Gall. iv. ch. 1, is probably the Roman writer’s misconception of the Teut. division of land into hundreds; this is also the case with Tacit. Germ. ch. 12: cp. the Swed. local names Fjaðrunda-land, Áttundaland, and Tíunda-land, qs. Fjaðr-hunda land, Átthunda land, Tíhunda land, i. e. a combination of four, eight, ten hundreds. The original meaning was probably a community of a hundred and twenty franklins or captains. This division is not found in Icel.